Methotrexate

What is Methotrexate?

Methotrexate is a prescription medicine widely used to treat autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, and certain types of cancer. It works by slowing down rapidly growing cells in the body, which helps control overactive immune responses and shrink cancer cells. Doctors often prescribe it when standard treatments are not enough to manage symptoms. Methotrexate is available in tablet and injectable forms, depending on the condition and severity.

Methotrexate used for

• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

• Psoriasis

• Psoriatic arthritis

• Crohn’s disease

• Certain cancers like leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and osteosarcoma

• Ectopic pregnancy, in specific medical cases

Chemical composition

The primary active ingredient is Methotrexate, a folate antagonist. Inactive ingredients may vary by brand and include lactose, cellulose, magnesium stearate, and other binding substances depending on the tablet or injection form.

Methotrexate Mechanism

Methotrexate works by blocking the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is essential for DNA synthesis and cell replication. By slowing down cell division, it reduces abnormal immune activity and stops fast-growing cancer cells from spreading. This dual action makes it effective for both autoimmune diseases and certain cancers.

How it helps manage autoimmune and cancer conditions

Methotrexate reduces inflammation, joint swelling, and skin plaques by decreasing the immune system’s overreaction. In cancer care, it helps shrink tumors and prevents malignant cells from multiplying. Over time, this results in better symptom control, improved mobility, and reduced disease progression. Many patients experience long-term relief when used regularly under medical supervision.

What are the other Benefits?

• Slows progression of rheumatoid arthritis

• Helps maintain long-term symptom control

• Reduces need for stronger immunosuppressants

• Can prevent severe flare-ups in autoimmune disorders

• Effective at low weekly doses for chronic inflammatory diseases

Dosages

Available strengths or dosage

Methotrexate comes in several strengths: 2.5 mg tablets, higher-dose tablets (varies by brand), and injectable vials for subcutaneous or intramuscular use.
For autoimmune diseases, low-dose weekly therapy is common. For cancer treatment, higher doses are used in hospital settings under strict supervision.

How and when to take it

• Methotrexate is typically taken once a week, not daily.

• Your doctor will guide whether you should take it on the same day each week.

• Swallow the tablet with water; avoid taking it on an empty stomach if it causes nausea.

• For injections, follow the technique taught by your healthcare provider.

• Never adjust your dose without medical advice.

Overdose caution

Taking too much Methotrexate can cause severe toxicity, including bleeding, mouth ulcers, liver damage, vomiting, infections, and breathing difficulty.
Seek emergency care immediately if overdose is suspected.

Who can use/take Methotrexate?

Methotrexate may be recommended for:

• Adults with autoimmune diseases

• Cancer patients requiring chemotherapy

• Children with juvenile arthritis (specialized dose only)

Age: Can be used in adults and children under specialist care.
Gender: Safe for all genders, but women must avoid pregnancy during treatment.
Health conditions: Not suitable for people with severe liver disease, kidney problems, bone marrow disorders, alcoholism, or active infections.

Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals must not use Methotrexate due to the risk of serious birth defects.

Side Effects & Precautions

What are the side effects?

Common side effects include:

• Nausea, vomiting

• Mouth sores

• Tiredness

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Skin sensitivity to sunlight

Serious side effects:

• Liver damage

• Lung problems

• Low blood counts

• Severe infections

• Kidney issues

Regular blood tests are required to monitor safety.

What are the Precautions to avoid side effects?

• Take Methotrexate only once per week, never daily.

• Avoid alcohol completely to protect your liver.

• Use sun protection to prevent skin reactions.

• Stay updated with blood tests as recommended.

• Inform your doctor about all medications you take, including NSAIDs.

• Do not use if pregnant; use reliable contraception during and after treatment.

Always consult your doctor before starting a dose. If prescribed, you can order Methotrexate tablets online safely from trusted pharmacy sources and ensure timely refills to maintain your treatment progress.